Rassegna storica del Risorgimento

30
Howard R. Marraro
Austrìans, apparcntry confident of victory, extended their line of attack over a distacco of more than twelvc milcs Euglish, and gave to the Emperor Napoleon an opportunity of massing his troops against their centre, which being cut, made it necessary for the wings of the Austrian army to fall back, and the ma-neirvre led to the loss of the battio on their part, with a Iosa which is Hot preeisely ascertaincd, but must have been very heavy, At the last intelligence, Pesciiiora was iirvested from the Lake Garda to the Mincio, and the Frcnch army having crossed the Mincio was marching probably on Verona. A heavy flcet was before Venice, and a coxps d'armée, under Prince Napoleon had reinforced the Freneh army under the Emperor.
In a miary point of view, the Allies have had unbroken success, and are in force to improve their advantages. Thcre seems to be no reason to doubt that the Austrìans wifl. soon be driven from the Quadrangle and the lines of the Mincio and Adige which they have been cngaged in fortifying for forty years.
Gcrmany stili continues in an excited state, but as yet no actual participa-tion in the war is announced. In Galigittini's Messenger,l) which I send here-with, are published two despatches, one from Count Walewski, and the other from Count Cavour, which are very significante
The real difficulties which lie in the way of the Emperor Napoleon have hardly yet developed themselves. The precise purpose of the -war has been stated to be the expulsion of the Austrìans from Lombardy and Yenetia, and the liberation of Italy from the Alps to the Adriatic. The progress of events naturally brought great numbers of Italians to the aid of the Allies, and the overthrow of the Governments of the States of Italy, by insurrection. In their place, the people have substitutcd annexation, or rather submission to Sardinian mie. In the Moniteur Universe withìn a few days, has appeared an article, which declared that these dictatorships were but tcmporary; while Count Cavour seems to expcct the annexation to Sard'nia to be permanent. No task can be more delicate and difficult than any permanent change of geographical lines, aecompanied by transfer of jurisdiction in Italy. How is the Emperor to satisfy the yearning desire of the Italians who are fighting under his banner for liberty and independence ? It can hardly be supposed that he will make the attempt singly, but will recpiire the cooperation of the other great powers, in a Congress, to make new trearies, as substitutes for those of the Congress of Vienna. He has, in a proclamation, declared that Italy must be free from the Alps to the Adriatic. How is this to be efiected ? To drive the Austrìans out is compa-ratively easy. But how is the proposed condition of Italy to be established ? Germany regards the line of the Adige as necessary to the security of the great German port of Trieste, at the head of the Adriatic; and, unreasonable as it may appear to others, wiJl probably urge the preservation of Austrian possession and rule over this line and ita fortified places, as necessary to security. France can hardly be expected to acquiesce in this, and unless the great Powers conour, the promise of the Emperor can hardly be kept.
The qnestion of the tempora! power of the Pope is greatly embarrassing. A desire to overthrow the temperai power of the See of Rome has manifested itself and been actuaOy carried otit in important parts of the Papal States. In France, it is understood that the Catholic clcrgy of the ni tramontane party have
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